Chronic kidney disease often develops silently, with no symptoms until much of the kidney function has been lost. Preventive nephrology focuses on identifying people at risk, detecting kidney problems early and taking steps to slow or prevent damage. Dr. Satarupa Deb, Consultant Nephrologist at Bombay Hospital, South Mumbai, helps individuals and families understand their risk and protect their kidney health.
Who Is at Higher Risk of Kidney Disease?
Some people are more likely to develop kidney disease and may benefit from regular screening.
- People with diabetes or high blood pressure
- Those with heart disease or obesity
- A family history of kidney disease, including polycystic kidney disease
- Age over 60 years
- Recurrent kidney stones or urinary infections
- Regular use of painkillers (NSAIDs) or unverified herbal and traditional remedies
- A past episode of acute kidney injury
- Low birth weight or kidney problems in childhood
Simple Tests for Early Detection
Kidney disease can be detected early with two simple, widely available tests. A blood test for serum creatinine is used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), which shows how well the kidneys are filtering. A urine test, preferably the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), checks for leakage of protein, which is often one of the earliest signs of kidney damage.
People at risk are generally advised to have these tests at least once a year, or as recommended by their doctor. A single abnormal result is usually repeated to confirm whether the change is persistent.
Everyday Habits That Help Protect Your Kidneys
Many of the steps that protect the kidneys also benefit the heart and overall health.
- Keep blood sugar within the target advised by your doctor if you have diabetes
- Control blood pressure and check it regularly at home
- Reduce salt, including pickles, papad, namkeen, instant noodles and processed foods
- Stay physically active and maintain a healthy weight
- Stop smoking and tobacco use, and limit alcohol
- Drink adequate water, particularly in hot weather, unless advised otherwise
- Avoid regular use of over-the-counter painkillers and unprescribed supplements or herbal powders
Medical Treatments That May Slow Kidney Disease
If early kidney disease is found, treatment can often slow its progression. Depending on your condition, your nephrologist may recommend medicines such as ACE inhibitors or ARBs to reduce protein leakage and control blood pressure. For many people with chronic kidney disease, including those with type 2 diabetes, newer medicines such as SGLT2 inhibitors are now recommended by international guidelines because they may help protect kidney and heart function. These medicines should only be started and monitored under medical supervision.
When to See a Nephrologist
Consider a nephrology review if your eGFR is reduced, your urine shows persistent protein or blood, your creatinine is rising, or you have a strong family history of kidney disease. Early assessment gives the best opportunity to protect kidney function.
Dr. Satarupa Deb (MD Medicine, DM Nephrology) completed her DM at KEM Hospital, Mumbai, with the highest rank in Maharashtra, and has been featured in Outlook India's Best Doctors Mumbai in 2023, 2024 and 2025.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can kidney disease be reversed?
Some causes of kidney damage, such as acute kidney injury or medicine-related problems, may improve with treatment. Chronic kidney disease is usually not reversible, but its progression can often be slowed significantly with early care.
How often should a person with diabetes get kidney tests?
Guidelines generally recommend checking eGFR and urine albumin at least once a year for people with diabetes, and more often if kidney disease is already present.
Is drinking a lot of water good for the kidneys?
Staying well hydrated is helpful, especially in hot weather and for people prone to kidney stones. However, very large amounts are not necessary for most people, and those with advanced kidney or heart disease may need to limit fluids.
Are protein supplements harmful to the kidneys?
In healthy people, moderate protein intake is generally safe. People with chronic kidney disease should discuss protein intake and any supplements with their nephrologist before using them.
Consult Dr. Satarupa Deb
If you have diabetes, high blood pressure or a family history of kidney disease, book a preventive kidney check-up with Dr. Satarupa Deb at Bombay Hospital, Marine Lines, South Mumbai. Call +91 9326786023 or +91 9833990040.
This page is for general information only and is not a substitute for a medical consultation. Please consult a qualified doctor for diagnosis and treatment.